Lípidos anormales e inmunidad adquirida Síndrome de Deficiencia: Asociación de Suero Lípidos con estatus de VIH / Abnormal Lipids and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Association of Serum Lipids with HIV Status

Context and Aim: Hematological abnormalities are amongst the most common complications of infection with HIV.There have been quite a few studies on the alterations in lipid profile, too, though the results have largely been inconclusive. The present study was carried-out to assess CD4 cell counts and lipid profile in the HIV infected and AIDS patients in the Indian population and correlates them with the sero-negative controls. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed as a cross-sectional, hospital-based study to assess CD4 cell counts and lipid profile in the HIV infected and AIDS patients in the Indian population and correlates them with the sero-negative controls. Evaluation of lipid profile was done using Erba EM 360, an automated analyzer powered by a diffraction grating photometer while CD4 cell counts were evaluated using Partec Cyflow Counter. Statistical analysis used: The data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Comparison of the said parameters was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and posthoc Games-Howell test. p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were significantly decreased while triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were significantly increased in the HIV infected and AIDS patients when compared with the sero-negative controls. Conclusion: Total cholesterol, LDLs, triglycerides and VLDLs were significantly altered in the HIV infected and AIDS patients when compared with the sero-negative controls.

Recurrent Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report.

Abstract: Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma is a non-neoplastic, tumor-like, reactive lesion occurring exclusively on gingiva/alveolar crest. It is thought to arise from the periodontal ligament or periosteum. Clinically, it bears resemblance to pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and many other peripheral soft tissue lesions seen in the oral cavity, thereby making histopathology mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. The lesion although being relatively common still carries a lot of ambiguity. The ambiguity is in terms of its etiology, growth potential, biological behavior (recurrence), histogenesis of its cells as well as its treatment. The entity further holds significance because of its notorious behavior and its high tendency to recur. The present paper describes a case report on recurrent peripheral giant cell granuloma with a comprehensive insight of the literature on its clinical and histological aspects. Special attention has been given on the histogenesis of its cells and treatment of this lesion.

Frenectomy Using Diode Laser.

The labial frenum may impede oral hygiene and result in diastema between anterior teeth and traction of the attached gingiva. High coronal attachment is generally associated with a hypertrophy of the frenum. Labial frenectomy is a common surgical procedure in the field of oral surgery 1. Labial frenectomy is a procedure usually done for orthodontic reasons. Surgical removal of the frenum during puberty has been recommended for these patients 2. This article clinically evaluates the efficacy of a diode laser in removing the frenum in 10 patients using a diode laser at a power setting of 1.5 W or less in a continuous mode. The role of laser surgery in the oral cavity is well established. The use of diode laser in frenectomy has many advantages like no bleeding, no need for suture placement, and placement of orthodontic brackets that can be done on the same day itself.

The Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Glycemic Status of Type Ii Diabetic Patients in Indian Population.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults in the world population. The association between periodontal disease and diabetes has long been hypothesized. Considering confirmation of treatment of periodontal disease positively influencing the glycemic control of Diabetes mellitus patients of great public importance because periodontal disease is both preventable and curable, the current study was planned. Improving periodontal health in a diabetic patient might improve their metabolic control and thereby decrease the associated morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: To reveal whether the suggested association between periodontal disease and diabetes could be found in a Type 2 Diabetic Indian population, the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was carried out at the Department of Periodontology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital and Post-Graduate Research Institute, Parbhani. For assessing the effect of the periodontal treatments on metabolic control, no change in the medication or diet was made for the selected three groups during the study period. None of the groups received any additional guidance in managing their diabetic status. Statistical Analysis: The Student t-test was used to test the differences of age, sex and diabetic control methods between the treatment and control groups. The changes of PI, PPD, CAL and BOP values from baseline to 3rd month and 6th month within both groups were compared using unpaired t test. The significance of the metabolic parameters within the groups was assessed by unpaired t test. ANOVA were used to test changes from baseline and differences between the groups for any of the continuous variables assessed. Results: Results of this study showed that non-surgical periodontal treatment with and without antibiotic therapy (doxycycline) is associated with improved glycaemic control in type 2 DM patients and reduction of clinical parameters of periodontal infection, confirming the existing interrelationship between Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Conclusion: The interrelationships between periodontitis and diabetes provide an example of systemic disease predisposing to oral infection, and once that infection is established, the oral infection exacerbates systemic disease. An improved communication between dentists / periodontists and physicians / endocrinologists is therefore warranted to work together to improve the management of Diabetic patients.

Immediate Implant Placement in Fresh Extraction Site: A Case Report.

Successful placement of dental implant into fresh extraction socket in single rooted tooth region has been reported. In cases of immediate implant placement in the single rooted tooth, initial primary stability is important to achieve predictable outcome. It is also suggested that the implant should be placed into minimum of 3 mm of solid bone apical to extraction site. The single stage approach preserves site morphology by protecting and supporting existing hard and soft tissues. Clinical success appears to be attributed to several important features of the technique which will be discussed in this case report. In the case presented, clinical and radiographic findings after implant placement confirmed a satisfactory treatment result.

Colposcopy: Gynecological vision in viewing oral lesions.

Context: The diagnosis of malignant and potentially malignant epithelial lesions of the oral mucosa cannot be based solely on clinical fi ndings. The histologic evaluation of a representative biopsy specimen thus becomes necessary. The site for biopsy however is always a subjective choice that sometimes raises doubts about its representativeness. So far, no simple and reliable method is available for the selection of the most appropriate area for biopsy. Colposcopy is helpful in the selection of these sites of epithelial dysplasia depending upon the vascular patterns. Aims: This study was planned to assess the role of Colposcopic examination in the selection of biopsy site in patients with varying grades of oral epithelial dysplasia at various sites. Settings and Design: One hundred and eighty patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years clinically diagnosed with leukoplakia and carcinoma buccal mucosa were included in the study. Materials and Methods: For each of the subjects, a thorough clinical examination followed by Colposcopic assessment was carried out for the selection of biopsy site from the involved mucosa. The histopathological fi ndings were then compared in the two cases and results analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Results: In our study, sensitivity and specifi city for the selection of biopsy site by Colposcopic examination was found to be higher for leukoplakia than for carcinoma buccal mucosa. Conclusions: It was concluded that Colposcopic examination was found to be signifi cant in the selection of biopsy site for leukoplakia while clinical criterion was found to be more appropriate for carcinoma buccal mucosa cases.

Phenytoin-Folate Interactions: How Far is Safe Folate Supplementation in Phenytoin Treated Epileptic Patients.

Chronic administration of phenytoin has been associated to have a number of adverse effects. Falling serum folate levels is one such most often reported adverse drug sequelae of long term phenytoin usage. Folates administered at pharmacological doses, on the other hand, have been blamed for a decrease in the serum concentration of phenytoin, severe enough to precipitate seizures. This review substantiated with references from various studies focuses on the folic acidphenytoin interaction and discusses the feasibility of using folate supplements to avoid such inadvertent drug sequelae in epileptic patients kept on chronic treatment with phenytoin.